2011年8月25日星期四

X-Ray Machine Safety Work Practices

When working around x-ray machines, employers and employees should practice safety.
 
1. Develop, implement , and enforce radiation safety procedures
2. Provide and use the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) {i.e lead gloves and aprons}
3. Test all lead aprons and gloves on receipt and at 12-18 month intervals for shielding integrity. If there is any doubt about an apron, it should be removed from use.
4. Document personal monitoring of radiation exposure by keeping individual records of occupational radiation doses.
5. Work quickly and efficiently to reduce the time using an X-ray system.
6. Post a technique chart at the control panel or exposure switch to specify parameters for routine exams.
7. Use the fastest film speed and the shortest exposure switch to specify parameters for routine exams 
8. Ensure the correct techniques is set to avoid repeat x-rays .
9. Use immobilizing devices to restrain patients during x-ray procedures; not radiographers or technicians.
10. remain ant lest 6 feet (2 meters) away from an x-ray radiation source. Radiation is significantly reduced by distance.
11. Do not be near x ray equipment, if not required , move away .
12. Never stand in the line with the direct x-ray beam .
13. Do not hold the tube housing during exposure, there is danger of electric shock. .
14. Notify a supervisors and limit occupational exposure if a employee becomes pregnant.
15. Ensurex-ray machines emit and audible signal when the exposures has ended and the timer automatically re-sets to the initial setting or zero.
16. Maintain records of maintenance, repairs, and modifications performed on each x-ray machine including the name of the person who performed the service and the date performed .
Article Source : Internet

2011年8月21日星期日

Some Knowledge of Floroscopy

The definition of Fluoroscopy
A fluoroscopeproduces a video x-ray. During a fluoroscopic exam, a continuous X-ray beamis used to view an organ or part of the body in real time. The live images are displayed on a computer screen or television monitor. Fluoroscopes are used for interventional procedures such as guiding the placement of a catheter during an arteriography, for assessing stomach and bowel movement and function, and for detecting obstructions in the airway or blood vessels. A contrast agent may also be used to enhance the images.
Fluoroscopy is most often used to view the upper GI tract, which includes the stomach, esophagus, duodenum, and the upper small intestine. It is also used to view the lower GI tract.
 
How fluoroscopy worksThe fluoroscope is a type of x-ray machine that can use either a continuous or a pulsing x-ray beam. The x-ray machine has an x-ray tube that is constructed of glass or metal and has a vacuum seal inside. It generates x-rays by converting electricity from its power line (AC current of 120-480 volts) into electricity that falls into the 25-150 kilo volt range. This creates a stream of electrons that are shot against a tungsten target. When the electrons hit this target (called an anode) the atomic structure of the tungsten stops the electrons, causing a release of x-ray energy. This energy is focused by the x-ray tube onto the area of the body to be imaged.
These very energetic electromagnetic waves can pass through the body and create images of internal structures. Because the different tissues within the body are of different densities, those waves are attenuated (weakened) at differing rates as they pass through. Bone, for example, is very dense and absorbs a lot of the x-rays, while the tissues surrounding the bone are less dense and absorb less of the x-ray.
It is this difference in the absorption of the waves that creates variations in the exposures and allows the detail of the image to be formed.
With a fluoroscope, when the beam passes through the body it hits an image intensifier that increases the brightness of the image many times (e.g. x1000 to x5000) so that it can be viewed on a display screen. The image intensifier itself is coupled to a video camera that captures and encodes the two-dimensional patterns of light as a video signal from the x-ray machine. The signal is converted back into a pattern of light seen as the image on the monitor. The camera output can be digitized for computer image enhancements.
The fluoroscope produces a low dose of radiation, slightly higher than a regular x-ray so it is very important that you let the doctor know if you are pregnant or think you might be.
 
What to expect when you have fluoroscopic imaging
Fluoroscopic imaging is painless. Before the imaging you will need to remove any jewelry or clothing that are in the area being scanned. For GI studies, you will usually need to drink barium, or have a barium enema. The barium provides the contrast needed to produce a clear image that can detect polyps and other abnormalities or obstructions.
You will then lie on a table or stand depending on the purpose and area being imaged. The camera will be moved to a position above or in front of you in order to get the proper angle for the images. The procedure will take anywhere from a few minutes to an hour depending on the purpose of the imaging. For example, fluoroscopyis often used in interventional radiology to aid the positioning of a needle for a biopsy or other procedure.
  Articl source: Internet

2011年8月11日星期四

New exhibitioan will be opened

Medical Fair Thailand 2011
Site:Bangkok,Thailand
Time:2011.9.14---9.16
weclome to visit our booth!